Internal customers and suppliers. Are your employees clear as to who is who?
July 7, 2025 | Talent Management | No Comments
When I worked at a management training and consulting firm at the beginning of my career, I learned multiple concepts that have served me well throughout my professional life. Personal Accountability was one, and Total Quality was a close second. If you don’t know about it – Total Quality Management (TQM) was born out of the manufacturing industry (think Henry Ford and assembly lines creating cars) and it was the prequel to ISO 9000, Lean Manufacturing, and Six-Sigma methodologies. At their essence, they are managerial approaches related to organizational effectiveness that seek to improve human and company performance by eliminating defects and the waste of physical resources, time, effort, and talent while assuring quality in organizational processes and production.
What I learned at that time was through a simplified experiential learning experience where the class participants were given: 1) a job description, 2) direction to who their manager was and 3) the timeframe expected for them to accomplish their task. [Also keep in mind, the exercise was super compressed on purpose in order to add pressure to complete it and move the class forward.] The class was then divided into two ‘assembly lines’ where we were asked to create a product with only the 3 pieces of information. We were given a brief amount of time to read our job description, the timer started, and we were off on doing our assigned tasks. The room was very quiet during the experience because part of the directions said, ‘no talking among yourselves.’ Everyone hurried through their tasks as the facilitator yelled out milestone times – ‘10 more minutes’, then ‘5 more minutes’, until he said to STOP.
The debrief was interesting. We were scored first on how many ‘units’ (quantity) of the ‘product’ we made. Second, we were scored on how many of the units were completed to the quality expectation (zero defects). While I have no idea what the actual numbers were – we might have had 3 out of 20 that made the quality cut. The other assembly line had a similar outcome.
In round two of this experiential learning exercise, we were given: 1) updated, more detailed job descriptions, 2) the ability to speak to our ‘manager’ and ask questions during the process and, 3) the same timeframe to accomplish the same task. Again, we were given a brief amount of time to read our new job description, ask questions to our manager and when the timer started, we were off on creating a new batch of products.
This time when the clock stopped, we had about 25 units (up slightly from the first batch) so our quantity improved. When the units were checked for quality, we had about 15 that made the cut – which was a 60% improvement, and we were feeling pretty good about ourselves. The competing team had similar results, so the room was buzzing with excitement and chatter. When we debriefed the second time, we discussed our newly acquired awareness about what had transpired.
With individualized and detailed expectations, clear direction from our manager, and increased team communication, everyone better understood their job duties and performance expectations. With the stated encouragement to speak to our manager to get context and clarification – we had vastly different outcomes in the same amount of time. Some other learnings we had were related to clarifying who your internal ‘customers’ and ‘suppliers’ are AND understanding that employees can be BOTH depending on where they sit in a team and which department they work in.
Having done many organizational assessments in my career, I can say that most processes within companies are cross functional (i.e. span several departments) from beginning to end. That day in training, it was clear us that: 1) our ‘customer’ may be the person next to us in our team who depends on us to do our part of the work so they can take it and do their part AND, 2) our ‘customer’ may also be 2 or 3 steps away from us in a completely different department. Either way, our individual work output from both a quality and time perspective – positively or negatively – affected our customer’s ability to do their job effectively. Their work relied on our work to get completed.
I’ve never forgotten that concept since learning it a couple decades ago. Those simple but powerful learnings about the need to clarify roles and responsibilities with team members and other departments is a huge part of organizational effectiveness. And the need to define who is the ‘customer’ and who is the ‘supplier’ is super important to help teams achieve goals. And these principles hold true regardless of whether your company makes a product or provides a service because they apply to how work gets done in your company through people, systems and processes.
The way to improve the execution of work, and therefore increase employee productivity is 1) to have clear job descriptions, 2) for individuals and teams to share their job descriptions with each other to understand what each person is working to accomplish, 3) to openly discuss which role they hold in any and all processes they use to do their work – as they may be a supplier to some team members but a customer to others of that same team, and 4) set expectations with each other as to what outcome is needed (quality) and by when (timing) for all team members to help each other complete their collective work to deadlines. Some companies even take the concept in #4 to the next level by creating service level agreements, or SLAs, that outline the level of performance expected, the timing of completion, and what happens if those expectations are not met.
What I find over and over again in organizations is they behave in silos with little communication about where the boundaries touch between different departments. Leaders need to talk about what they do and how work gets done in their respective functions. Leaders also need to talk about the relationship between their departments, roles and responsibilities within them and what their expectations are so everyone can collectively get their work done. In addition to increasing productivity, if you want to elevate personal accountability in your company, consider having a team discussion about customer-supplier relationships and service expectations. With team feedback, you can craft better service level agreements and more measurable performance metrics.
As I always say, people don’t show up to work to suck at their jobs – and when I ask them what the problem is – the answer more than 95% of the time is related to there being a lack of management direction, unclear expectations of what they should be doing, nonexistent or ineffective communication within a team, ineffective systems and tools with which they do their work, and inconsistent organizational processes.
- If your team members aren’t clear about their individual job duties and performance expectations, it inhibits their ability to directly, or indirectly, create and deliver the product or service your company provides its external customers.
- If your managers can’t clarify individual job responsibilities and performance expectations, articulate direction, or block and tackle obstacles their direct reports have – they are impeding employee productivity that enables business success.
- And, if you don’t have time bound goals and objectives that everyone’s work is aligned to, and/or any of your managers continually let employees off the hook for missing deadlines you are impeding the larger organization to execute the business’s mission.
Organizational effectiveness refers to how well an organization achieves its defined objectives — the very thing the company is in business to do. OE encompasses a company’s ability to produce its products or services while maintaining a productive workforce and optimizing its resources. It integrates strategic management, project management, leadership quality (especially amount senior management), operational efficiency, innovation capability and adaptability to change. Managerial competency is a significant driver of organizational effectiveness, particularly in environments where constant change and agility are valued.
PEOPLE MATTER in Business.
Cindy Goyette, SPHR, MAOM, CC – cindygoyette.com 2025